NirvanaKurt Cobain, Vocals/Guitar
Krist Novoselic, Bass
Dave Grohl, Drums/Vocals
Formed in 1987, Aberdeen WA
Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic were first introduced
by Buzz Osborne, of the Melvins, in 1985.
Drummer Daze: During its early days, the band went through a series of names as well as drummers. The earliest drummer, Aaron Burckhard, was soon replaced by Dale Crover of the Melvins, who also played on Nirvana's first demos. Dave Foster also held a brief moment in time as the band's drummer. Later in 1988, they hired drummer Chad Channing for the Bleach sessions. After those sessions, Channing was gone and Dale Crover filled in again until Nirvana brought in Mudhoney drummer Dan Peters, whom recorded "Sliver" with them. Nirvana finally found themselves a lasting drummer when Buzz Osborne, of the Melvins, introduced them to Dave Grohl, whose D.C. hardcore band, "Scream", had just broke up.
Brief History: During 1987, Nirvana made ten demos with producer Jack Endino. They played their first show under the name Nirvana in March, 1988. A couple of months later, Nirvana released their first single "Love Buzz/Big Cheese" on Seattle indie label Sub Pop. In 1989, they released their first full-length album, Bleach. also produced by Jack Endino.
In 1990, Nirvana made the leap to a major label, signing with DGC Records and beginning work with producer Butch Vig on their first major label release, Nevermind. On January 11, 1992, the album reached #1 on the Billboard album charts.
While waiting for their next full-length, DGC released Incesticide in December 1992, a collection of singles, EP songs, rarities and B-sides. In December 1993, In Utero, was released. It was produced by Steve Albini, known for magic on the Pixies album Surfer Rosa. In Utero debuted at #1 on the Billboard album chart. For the tour, the band brought in a second guitarist, Pat Smear of the punk rock band The Germs. In November 1993, Nirvana taped an appearance on MTV Unplugged.
Cobain's Pain: In February 1992, Kurt Cobain
married Hole frontwoman, Courtney Love, in Hawaii. Cobain often
complained that he was suffering from chronic stomach troubles, but
that was just part of his pain. Cobain suffered a heroin overdose
on May 2,1993, one of many, mostly un-reported, overdoses. In 1994, after wrapping up their North American tour on January 8th with a show at the Seattle Center Arena, they left for their European tour. Following a final show in Munich on February 29, Cobain and Courtney decided to stay in Rome for a vacation. On March 4th, she woke up to find that Cobain unconscious after overdosing on tranquilizers. On March 18th, the police had to talk Cobain out of suicide after he locked himself in a room threatening to kill himself. An intervention occured and Cobain checked into drug rehabilitation. After less than a week, Cobain climbed over the wall of the treatment center and took a plane back to Seattle. April 8, 1994, Cobain was found dead of an apparent self-inflicted shotgun blast to the head at his Seattle home. Cobain, never quite comfortable with stardom, had effectively ended Nirvana.
Nirvana
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Nirvana (Jainism)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nirva?a ( Sanskrit: ???????; Prakrit: ??????? Nivva?a) in Jainism means final release from the karmic bondage. When an enlightened human, such as, an Arhat or a Tirthankara extinguishes his remaining aghatiya karmas and thus ends his worldly existence, it is called nirva?a. Technically, the death of an Arhat is called nirva?a of Arhat, as he has ended his wordly existence and attained liberation. Moksa, that is to say, liberation follows nirva?a. An Arhat becomes a siddha, the liberated one, after attaining nirvana. However, the word nirva?a is often used to mean moksa, as well. Hence nirva?a means:
- Death of an Arhat, who becomes liberated thereafter, and
- Moksa
Contents |
Description of Nirva?a of a Tirthankara in Jain Texts
Kalpasutra gives an elaborate account of Mahavira’s nirva?a. [1]
| “ | The aghatiya Karma’s
of venerable Ascetic Mahavira got exhausted, when in this Avasarpini
era the greater part of the Duhshamasushama period had elapsed and only
three years and eight and a half months were left. Mahavira had recited
the fifty-five lectures which detail the results of Karma, and the
thirty-six unasked questions (the Uttaradhyana Sutra). The moon was in
conjunction with the asterism Svati, at the time of early morning, in
the town of Papa, and in king Hastipala's office of the writers,
(Mahivira) single and alone, sitting in the Samparyahka posture, left
his body and attained nirvana, freed from all pains.” (147)
In the fourth month of that rainy season, in the seventh fortnight, in the dark (fortnight) of Karttika, on its fifteenth day, in the last night, in the town of Papa, in king Hastipala's office of the writers, the Venerable Ascetic Mahavira died, went off, cut asunder the ties of birth, old age, and death; became a Siddha, a Buddha, a Mukta, a maker of the end (to all misery), finally liberated, freed from all pains. (123) That night in which the Venerable Ascetic Mahavira died, freed from all pains, was lighted up by many descending and ascending gods. (125) In that night in which the Venerable Ascetic Mahavira, died, freed from all pains, the eighteen confederate kings of Kasi and Kosala, the nine Mallakis and nine Licchavis, on the day of new moon, instituted an illuminations on the Poshadha, which was a fasting day; for they said: 'Since the light of intelligence is gone, let us make an illumination of material matter!'(128) |
” |
Nirva?a as Moksa
Uttaradhyana Sutra provides an account of Gautama explaining the meaning of nirva?a to Kesi a disciple of Parsva.
| “ | There is a safe place in view of all, but difficult of approach, where there is no old age nor death, no pain nor disease. It is what is called Nirvâna, or freedom from pain, or perfection, which is in view of all; it is the safe, happy, and quiet place which the great sages reach. That is the eternal place, in view of all, but difficult of approach. Those sages who reach it are free from sorrows, they have put an end to the stream of existence. (81-4) | ” |
See also
References
- ^ Jacobi, Hermann; Ed. F. Max Müller (1884). Kalpa Sutra, Jain Sutras Part I, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 22. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. http://www.sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe22/index.htm.
- ^ Jacobi, Hermann; Ed. F. Max Müller (1895). Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Jain Sutras Part II, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 45. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. http://www.sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe45/index.htm.
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